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2 钢铁材料的分类及技术条件
2.1 一般用钢
碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 700—2006)
表3-1-5 碳素结构钢的化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00029002.jpg?sign=1739289761-6BZVF8sGQ44R6ygbroGx4XAcUW1Ec4WN-0-f6bfe9a713809ee6afcfbd560438a3b4)
注:1.本标准适用于一般交货状态(钢材一般以热轧、控轧或正火状态交货),通常用于焊接、铆接、栓接工程构件用热轧钢板、钢带、型钢和棒钢。
2.经需方同意,Q235B的含碳量可不大于0.22%。
3.在保证钢材力学性能符合本标准的情况下,各牌号A级钢的碳、锰、硅含量可不作为交货条件,但应在质量证明书中注明其含量。
4.镇静钢脱氧完全,性能较半镇静钢和沸腾钢优良。沸腾钢脱氧不完全,化学成分不均匀,内部杂质较多,耐腐蚀性和机械强度较差,冲击韧度较低,冷脆倾向及时效敏感较大,不适于在高冲击负荷和低温下工作,但成材率高,成本低,没有集中缩孔,表面质量及深冲性能好,一般结构可大量采用。新标准取消半镇静钢。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00030001.jpg?sign=1739289761-RLv1Jh0jANG3h5XQqKjMuEJwwqEuGHyA-0-e705c1dc1364d2e72d455899a05d1023)
优质碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 699—1999)和锻件用碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00031001.jpg?sign=1739289761-tF3VZVBrnt9zeM2FyFwli1HMZCkeveEn-0-56c8df76625e14ba981a1e72d014a837)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00032001.jpg?sign=1739289761-yuA9LeG2ULMKT9tSY2mXk3venmeQELeH-0-3930194bc4183c6b0256dc59983f09f3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00033001.jpg?sign=1739289761-DZQ5hKaKX9ZTYrr2RtVDDtJZGAwyaA9H-0-5b7f9a096573d5ddd54836b712076466)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00034001.jpg?sign=1739289761-REb5i9xFiSI3rj0LHLWStf5gek7VwOQh-0-01191fe8cf9c46ba772a5273e2c60624)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00035001.jpg?sign=1739289761-hXBwqQTcfEeRMzJ756rfBVBwvIjC4Efq-0-0340de71df95b2251a52d2cd5d18ebf1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00036001.jpg?sign=1739289761-btbwuteUFRVehT1kilTxn4m7V0BWK1y8-0-63ccf02b0093afe983fa39df00bb3110)
低合金高强度结构钢(摘自1591—2008)
表3-1-8 化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00037001.jpg?sign=1739289761-zLJvYjFWWXHxnR2Ymwsm3AcbbFCUdIyZ-0-9754f89fa9bfda5d22ddcb8c8ecd5a99)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00038001.jpg?sign=1739289761-5o129wiouCf65BlNvG4zy4ISqa73PFio-0-081436dc756cea2668c7de55cb4d8041)
合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 3077—1999)和锻件用合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00039001.jpg?sign=1739289761-4ZlKTXG427nYYSIB9jiioEaDKBI6VAPr-0-f92372d3b9bb8cc9293be15dd067383c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00040001.jpg?sign=1739289761-k8MsiitFNYSel3C7joEDRlJNaQ7cdtA5-0-f944e25f04c81d146be1f1cf43372b10)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00041001.jpg?sign=1739289761-Y7YBfkGCVD9KGFZHchppeYEEe3NmjYSB-0-99cb2a85e1fc21cd02095188d470eaf8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00042001.jpg?sign=1739289761-EwVyCp7jI4ipPKqTH1Jo0OXOqlskwdWh-0-8fe539972c8c6ab8c868d5f9d471bf2f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00043001.jpg?sign=1739289761-IJgFfDiylkD07bYK6lVvDO4psajYyZxs-0-455f92ceb4a75852b513f1e7130063e6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00044001.jpg?sign=1739289761-ceMZp6UeespcNcHNOfQmb7P3LeTv6KA1-0-402c8b0af77cd39d6948f9f95ddc68cc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00045001.jpg?sign=1739289761-w1zRNUt2mP0Uf08C0xlrvLErV1rQWC4D-0-11a82ea0d195040d6364ecc71ba4b6ce)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00046001.jpg?sign=1739289761-NHPufm0nyLVwxzzlG8EbHMdiXicei0Ce-0-354fef531a9534343afa0a4b6346e8a6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00047001.jpg?sign=1739289761-sp7kLebhvMWabpwfgPRFU7BkSj8sPxPR-0-bba1c0a4b5879e2201599b6c1ffb3840)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00048001.jpg?sign=1739289761-2Gs0bJOdzAObq4SRqot9xCAL0YypcrB2-0-8e3981ccf0ffe53d731e19faa8c2c30d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00049001.jpg?sign=1739289761-FtJMwag7PSd3X0BuFs7e21e1i7ETxevA-0-b52af6172389393059bb05b0d1791dd8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00050001.jpg?sign=1739289761-MQ9Wy6qMEHyjfIs5H2Zhs0VVN2NaiFMu-0-3534d2ce3fd23f7fa83cb0ac4d324c33)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00051001.jpg?sign=1739289761-27ZCjc0xyA8nbtjfNn4xsHfvmWaTuUkI-0-d77e39c133e8cd1445bcdae1efce335a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00052001.jpg?sign=1739289761-2zn4mbH7ZScjimxCJKOgyUEHBpc7cRbQ-0-188224a9cd979fdcd617e915e739ccfe)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00053001.jpg?sign=1739289761-NpsArqvVUp47BCepG5dC8OAVrTtx6vEU-0-b7b9b54de1bfdb61b60b9d67d57960aa)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00054001.jpg?sign=1739289761-cHBwpQDPQfOCS8cnmrYZlJoe8YJVwz9w-0-ced32f7cf46c5c17d2eac33e761982ba)
弹簧钢及轴承钢(摘自GB/T 1222—2007、GB/T 18254—2002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00055001.jpg?sign=1739289761-w90PjmnXD07xb16h7OAe0KtVHULjvJ9I-0-d1459408f158b8bc4bcdcdae83586498)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00056001.jpg?sign=1739289761-5bs2GjmYNi1gAoNanon6psQMtlVlVniD-0-e6bcdad29d79931064ae89afa60d071b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00057001.jpg?sign=1739289761-d63izYVX4iwSLkx0Afvd6RNDt2DxXHTi-0-ba86c13ad22f75cabbb09cac34d78857)
不锈钢耐热钢(摘自GB/T 1220—2007、GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00058001.jpg?sign=1739289761-q3ioagKSmmjdOZpMY9srRsOdfEHmaaHd-0-34d8176c7f212cc772befd83313288cf)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00059001.jpg?sign=1739289761-iiYlMoTH4IxGiPAdnq8L9niVlByPMo2W-0-7f88868974c995c5fcdb262ff7ab7167)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00060001.jpg?sign=1739289761-BONhK0WkETgUUFvGRPAij0iKg2wJ3qdF-0-37cfdc987d78a70b89f74b6d720650e4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00061001.jpg?sign=1739289761-PdMumkxPDU2JmMf3SsBqpdmrPE0qffnr-0-706cd7bca7ccd1a58206545855b91eb0)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00062001.jpg?sign=1739289761-PUmZKBpiZJ5rJmyl60iyAx3SoKJVRDh4-0-60838d8877dc7b3eb023e9b71144d71b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00063001.jpg?sign=1739289761-fMkmzuou2CVifS3jAZSz9wO3W005Zwu8-0-29f7b520c92a637331063603894e656e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00064001.jpg?sign=1739289761-GDpajVkO8b5sifm6KuiIudxNZAIx2TdC-0-9ee29013fa7cadb65729b839b51eb369)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00065001.jpg?sign=1739289761-3GoFDBB3qo6U8AxIIkE8EWL3xYIMkZhP-0-d7583b822324e5b15944c49795554b9d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00066001.jpg?sign=1739289761-tyiHlnv2wotzYxgpZul4h6DE9e1R2Ku4-0-a38f5298ac038f514ce451cc67de0117)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00067001.jpg?sign=1739289761-7I1EEfSkZEogvcl8FIaND2BvSjKUfqvi-0-134a3b81e5d23ae66f90e82602bab771)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00068001.jpg?sign=1739289761-KSlixAyqg0cHPiBBuyo2lVavTd7OsnAl-0-4ea44a7ffbd757acdec45fbdc64487d5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00069001.jpg?sign=1739289761-QpUyt0x2HRsc9CQImNGEB3gmXmID8hDh-0-6eddb535abf292868f9149e0f8cef22f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00070001.jpg?sign=1739289761-8ZowO2DbCU91f5V9m7xu8CfPAsE1c8Co-0-fe4e007425677175009ff8614f59967c)
表3-1-17 沉淀硬化耐热钢的化学成分和力学性能(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071001.jpg?sign=1739289761-mWM6vcNX0XWxpm1AeqmbiisOwI6oWLzL-0-b9b8acd3f6c676bd213126002142d5a7)
注:见表3-1-15表注。
表3-1-18 耐热钢的特性和用途(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071002.jpg?sign=1739289761-HvWxwTLthKdm6klRZVx11PJWdLQ325MQ-0-2556948e8b93ed966c8d721cb6b74a66)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00072001.jpg?sign=1739289761-r8nCVUac8zOKEgzyGX0LLrCBbfbtmKbO-0-13eec150ce5e3309a9276a30ca0d041d)
注:1.与本表对应的新钢号见表3-1-15和表3-1-16。
2.GB/T 1221—2007中新增加的马氏体型钢17Cr16Ni2、45Cr9Si3及沉淀硬化型钢06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB未编入表中。
大型不锈、耐酸、耐热钢锻件的化学成分和力学性能(摘自JB/T 6398—2006)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00073001.jpg?sign=1739289761-yD8CLq3l3avlCg5eiH9rSicBYmXTgIyv-0-bf0cfb3f388d208e6ce48facf76ed00a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00074001.jpg?sign=1739289761-mVSQFhVAoxMxv6SUJohTABQ7CVCBnBzy-0-6b4939394669c8097f5708045cb62774)
工具钢(摘自GB/T 1298—2008、GB/T 1299—2000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00075001.jpg?sign=1739289761-oOzJqFiiRMinpEwlebbqREyzwogoXfYW-0-ac981cffcf3434d7ec9635223af0dfef)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00076001.jpg?sign=1739289761-82bhPM3UC5RqNdzvksxC9akwHYJS9ovK-0-54d6804dd91a5205b0542d9ee1a2eb1f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00077001.jpg?sign=1739289761-VqZ4tRKU1JvAdIvMcBcktSb4XOQ2A1wy-0-5276f11d8daba201ecaee8e4e5fca727)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00078001.jpg?sign=1739289761-bqBAJlddVMowvuU0Qlu0iwGt31dn3m1l-0-6205ef51f26b7acc2e2b44a044aecacf)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00079001.jpg?sign=1739289761-584scp6CwZpDswe9msFIl00XxGYjm9Sy-0-1b27418e6b309a56e5166f2ce6badc7b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00080001.jpg?sign=1739289761-q5IcnWVzIH45G31fuP8VSdNxZn3tZQcq-0-02d4990b90cb23a678274834d5d090c3)
耐候结构钢(摘自GB/T 4171—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00081001.jpg?sign=1739289761-Oy7HAqKCZNpm5iTNqvujfPjrzGjbgqKI-0-5eeec42521a4480e2bb4104bc363906b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00082001.jpg?sign=1739289761-BuVdZitrhHFwEAedXsh1lgu1UMEW1qZk-0-b039015f03ed6009af948da5ce382be0)
大型轧辊件用钢(摘自JB/T 6401—1992)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00083001.jpg?sign=1739289761-m6eXyQ6pzCPtD1UUTBZ2tU92iKU1xq0N-0-db81907588b5ba2f46d77b87a885d376)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00084001.jpg?sign=1739289761-U9a2wULhlJOQCfjDtZUxt1wI5xDBUDSu-0-ecabc407c40443717d3b2d910fb943f1)