![机械设计手册:单行本·常用机械工程材料(第六版)](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/651/29976651/b_29976651.jpg)
上QQ阅读APP看本书,新人免费读10天
设备和账号都新为新人
2 钢铁材料的分类及技术条件
2.1 一般用钢
碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 700—2006)
表3-1-5 碳素结构钢的化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00029002.jpg?sign=1738855901-13PCswxOP8IE9kUvYhHRGuyE3kfVllT0-0-35dabfd2744e000c9e209fa386de7f6f)
注:1.本标准适用于一般交货状态(钢材一般以热轧、控轧或正火状态交货),通常用于焊接、铆接、栓接工程构件用热轧钢板、钢带、型钢和棒钢。
2.经需方同意,Q235B的含碳量可不大于0.22%。
3.在保证钢材力学性能符合本标准的情况下,各牌号A级钢的碳、锰、硅含量可不作为交货条件,但应在质量证明书中注明其含量。
4.镇静钢脱氧完全,性能较半镇静钢和沸腾钢优良。沸腾钢脱氧不完全,化学成分不均匀,内部杂质较多,耐腐蚀性和机械强度较差,冲击韧度较低,冷脆倾向及时效敏感较大,不适于在高冲击负荷和低温下工作,但成材率高,成本低,没有集中缩孔,表面质量及深冲性能好,一般结构可大量采用。新标准取消半镇静钢。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00030001.jpg?sign=1738855901-ul9jwQg6MyV5jD6rgCmjyD3jxcx4zXYE-0-ca4b1fcc65e347980de85b09fc1cb7f9)
优质碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 699—1999)和锻件用碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00031001.jpg?sign=1738855901-lgyFOaJS4QCewsHunM3D0kJL5sTxcdNm-0-9338f1221a521ba0b617f8a7199b4efd)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00032001.jpg?sign=1738855901-EOo9EF2kXVGRLIVeZourCn6sD9aDhpeO-0-66fa8e457fc6ec29f608343c9ed9bcea)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00033001.jpg?sign=1738855901-5SUa3cht9HLTeezZFNqmEx1bkxErPYRy-0-62ede834a86d3a195304930104922478)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00034001.jpg?sign=1738855901-dx5giRVlu3agD81NB56NO5BcIS6SmAwf-0-82e5cae71425e3eca7f41d3d214f0d97)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00035001.jpg?sign=1738855901-TKsXw4dmEY6EOvafVaJ3DjR5WhJvx16x-0-8727d9665c5c7061fa149daa1615f096)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00036001.jpg?sign=1738855901-1D9oHyLipWA9XvdkIvW4Bi3WF1yX7XFH-0-5750143e76cdfde10608fe6b2c7a3679)
低合金高强度结构钢(摘自1591—2008)
表3-1-8 化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00037001.jpg?sign=1738855901-kqistWG3neYOyTldPcCzmoCwbRDN2rVk-0-0496a9c49da3f35b4ae71244621bd2fe)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00038001.jpg?sign=1738855901-XwGuNbiyf7dRTgl0J8mi2aDoqNKY8QW0-0-016cdd7d1c8940d5a7bf57c4d83cc7f9)
合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 3077—1999)和锻件用合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00039001.jpg?sign=1738855901-5tUojDv4fcH83to5rZudKw9lSop1O5Ef-0-9d8b58f285f907f7fe01699eae9db7b4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00040001.jpg?sign=1738855901-8w1L3jKskQCh87V1HYNLYSfVgy1vPnj8-0-9011360df6fdff3d6fb91a5f2ebd8f51)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00041001.jpg?sign=1738855901-W3NSH96tb810GL1jA4EA2QT2Ex6bkdRq-0-e6d4f225ee5b87cc50d735272fb1f80b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00042001.jpg?sign=1738855901-LFGwK17uKS0iIwyyMw89j8kiWN6mRPLk-0-f4fb288f6dc9d1bf5ed5586bf67bc7a6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00043001.jpg?sign=1738855901-TQKdH1Lo9ecfKlTuXHpFjYUy8gPBsMMN-0-6aeb72134c1cdd3069940f67b15a75a9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00044001.jpg?sign=1738855901-P8ojaC18yuSSncuSN5EQjIip6ir1NXSV-0-8a3cb647072dabb73dd4a0889e34a893)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00045001.jpg?sign=1738855901-TaQib9UWvHFbUQ8S2MasLPlx4ZArP7Aa-0-87a3623b5d81b84c786b3f80d0d246c9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00046001.jpg?sign=1738855901-5E2OwHVwEOw2AbzXUPrzQ6n7WGIeS6vK-0-0eb06905ff0e6f30ca0abe397571c2d1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00047001.jpg?sign=1738855901-Ma7u72f485xINIM8MVjZ1Be2t4GIVWAB-0-692ef31e9e2be6b4409ab4e052f7bb77)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00048001.jpg?sign=1738855901-Ns9Io66GfrRtZOBBMp8SNvdEGc8zlGqM-0-74f5bbbc3a6a84d87231c6fd678819d8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00049001.jpg?sign=1738855901-O2U5afB89Se9t38NtYt6Lj7hry5LAKD0-0-0c1b0e4c25b63e4b3b4dd0c2ea3d9bb3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00050001.jpg?sign=1738855901-5hdOjyznt5yEZNGUeKWX6TUrVaLHQq6v-0-2d8b94322e8d4bc221ab9571353e1239)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00051001.jpg?sign=1738855901-Zr2FBUYe3li47CnyLtaZZM8s9S3kRqPn-0-db768c57aa3d30ec8f2fdded7f65722a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00052001.jpg?sign=1738855901-bi9hQASLZeXu0E9cy4D9qotrJsiyzjcP-0-3680dd3737ff317a8a54c980dfe7dd6d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00053001.jpg?sign=1738855901-grjAch3HayY6pPjF0eq1Q7HuMDkVXlep-0-d23844b35214e2e375cbf5bfdfd0b2b0)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00054001.jpg?sign=1738855901-y8UWkiukNmCTHtS9Wof3mDUazk0ESyjw-0-f5d0510be4e0bc8f0564486b6af3166d)
弹簧钢及轴承钢(摘自GB/T 1222—2007、GB/T 18254—2002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00055001.jpg?sign=1738855901-uF3OlGvtrz27osFLs7wbF6YAVYap4B2t-0-448da3f9739b1a2e7e3eaf697db9ef9b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00056001.jpg?sign=1738855901-fHwSsldhpkd56xOp043qJSfYLnwVWxNm-0-8f460a75c12af0f59492ed5529dc464d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00057001.jpg?sign=1738855901-ZL1gSbGOnIgZx55JZYwpEujyVPOTe8B6-0-549e38ffbf4da18427379f0e52748d70)
不锈钢耐热钢(摘自GB/T 1220—2007、GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00058001.jpg?sign=1738855901-osiCAQ9QdVU1WaTNHShbZ4y3EAawo1tp-0-88bcbb5334c2bf6ed06dc771868bb65b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00059001.jpg?sign=1738855901-ZrZXdC67MXEK3XVXJWGSTx5RFp8peNop-0-01421c9ce23452ff8c9a2ef9774154a5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00060001.jpg?sign=1738855901-ZPRg7nEKPgF2qRZ2gyXRRgPG185rlT0q-0-13e11c55b62edf6552d66bddf9c68012)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00061001.jpg?sign=1738855901-qC36l5WDCh83UDLZmnzSGK4EfJ8koZ8e-0-18b22f644933fd300c020ad0a9695d71)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00062001.jpg?sign=1738855901-Is6oYi76e0vbZEwxGLUOpQJtInw42RTq-0-d8a2a1e95474f1c6f02328a1efb2f12a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00063001.jpg?sign=1738855901-3dqMheU87jxFmb4lNDICn92aow2sbnuz-0-7c7d1c9d26fc096c4a36307556d80a19)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00064001.jpg?sign=1738855901-cgV1Tr0YkITkrE3yGrg060CwLpYe6MTd-0-cc9fdb29ded6f4c9f83a3814a937c920)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00065001.jpg?sign=1738855901-FBNMxS92limdAf5mTvy9uHZSxTJ4o6Fy-0-397419a3fe03894779625639b2258993)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00066001.jpg?sign=1738855901-vUmCdU2Hcz7Zo3FrhR0V2KxFcwXJy4wS-0-68b643dab5e2d6d70c4b325ad61f9e0a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00067001.jpg?sign=1738855901-Yzu1iESjQ9ZN4uR7Zsa1VeYbS4pF2LMn-0-70831f10c235e3c7b4e738a1085ad243)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00068001.jpg?sign=1738855901-nXWpiHX7VyWpA5wmoh7WMi63KiJGSoIU-0-fa70a8a91c4ecc56c97a34288494a9d5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00069001.jpg?sign=1738855901-NFLlBxSTKYyOhW62TS43GFccHdcx99qn-0-8779d88a8e11036eff2f722a7acd3258)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00070001.jpg?sign=1738855901-ygKV7PNOjUaZYYRHTQlId7hf7ZWgMt4O-0-f7eb0ea8075f0aed7c05e48e40969761)
表3-1-17 沉淀硬化耐热钢的化学成分和力学性能(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071001.jpg?sign=1738855901-0tsy4JCO57KinBMJ6xFFEsqYmURveNsV-0-3f45b1f3bebd71a766934faea131d879)
注:见表3-1-15表注。
表3-1-18 耐热钢的特性和用途(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071002.jpg?sign=1738855901-CKUn8IzBNJX6IQsmbpCRw6j56OiSKxOE-0-181b13462c8a312edbd070e1357d16d8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00072001.jpg?sign=1738855901-9cDJlbCNr9BfIaJh6TfEXHUXsRwJrfHh-0-ab7fc78aa3d2c8e7084e9a247bf1ba67)
注:1.与本表对应的新钢号见表3-1-15和表3-1-16。
2.GB/T 1221—2007中新增加的马氏体型钢17Cr16Ni2、45Cr9Si3及沉淀硬化型钢06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB未编入表中。
大型不锈、耐酸、耐热钢锻件的化学成分和力学性能(摘自JB/T 6398—2006)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00073001.jpg?sign=1738855901-BIGGOauvwNYJywUTKgNpSJTVxxAAFkM5-0-7da36f73b77f6f8b1b06d97fb6c8c002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00074001.jpg?sign=1738855901-LpohBPU4VYpFaZbCqtdh2jgSv5Uvl2Xi-0-e0c89559141ade28689ed569e6474a0b)
工具钢(摘自GB/T 1298—2008、GB/T 1299—2000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00075001.jpg?sign=1738855901-7Gnp5w8R5le2jGb9XTDURu2LCT73reEb-0-75e1a21ded04a038292f2407db4c471d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00076001.jpg?sign=1738855901-zILIknLfkI2WgOhakpKlkQ5tuQYOTPw2-0-1df82cf1753ea7f3de9833e4da542360)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00077001.jpg?sign=1738855901-tNZj4v9ME7DiievGQXdy8r9mOSaOWf8r-0-77ead19b313c8fa85bc7a655b6d300dc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00078001.jpg?sign=1738855901-lTc2voBScQD1DGHfV8S9EPowaDmymPqc-0-dbf056e0201afc5c8ab41a13b94824ad)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00079001.jpg?sign=1738855901-GhSh2i3gNDWVARgq5tIQ5FGUFqZZBADs-0-8ad0e35163d13eef430b3ec39b9c0efb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00080001.jpg?sign=1738855901-87g1jp8ufkuiiNDyfT39Hkk8l4I3u5jD-0-a90d04d71f6476853d20a53c2cf79094)
耐候结构钢(摘自GB/T 4171—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00081001.jpg?sign=1738855901-2PmFUEvNkS5uiJOu00FyPO29hjG79Dw0-0-d562adf5039ba533e4ed2b61a5d70506)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00082001.jpg?sign=1738855901-nMaCPxoHqDRZo8MTZn8d9FUayjkaPbWE-0-691c38c08b8dbbcfd7a7923232fc252e)
大型轧辊件用钢(摘自JB/T 6401—1992)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00083001.jpg?sign=1738855901-aWwTOEIkmHWZ3mwoj4YkhhW3sNJuxhDy-0-874733c1af471df8857172deaa074c3b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00084001.jpg?sign=1738855901-R5Yz0yXz5LhH3QslGqNjHfPB1TcdIB6D-0-9e1e8d7bdd147a11940a225a003e667c)