摘要

目的　掌握新的食用盐碘含量标准实施后上海市8～10岁学龄儿童和孕妇的碘营养状况。

方法　用人口比例概率抽样方法抽取30个样本街道，每个街道选取50名8～10岁学龄儿童和20名孕妇，用B超测量学龄儿童的甲状腺容积，收集学龄儿童尿样、盐样以及孕妇的尿样，进行尿碘、盐碘检测。

结果　共监测8～10岁学龄儿童1510名，孕妇605名。学龄儿童尿碘中位数为171.40μg/L，甲状腺肿大率0.9%，学龄儿童家中碘盐覆盖率85.63%，合格碘盐食用率72.52%，盐碘含量中位数24.8mg/kg；孕妇尿碘中位数126.53μg/L。

结论　上海市不属于碘缺乏病病区，合格碘盐食用率偏低，儿童碘营养水平适宜，孕妇碘营养状况不足。

ABSTRACT Objective　To assess the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women in Shanghai after implementation of the new national standard for iodine in edible salt .Methods 30 communities were selected in Shanghai using proportionate to population size method.50 children aged 8-10 years and 20 pregnant women were randomly selected in each community.Volume of thyroid by B-ultrasonography，urine iodine concentration and salt iodine concentration were included in school-aged children and urine iodine concentration for pregnant women. Result　1510 children aged 8-10 years and 605 pregnant women were monitored.The median of urinary iodine concentration（UIC）of children and pregnant women were 171.40μg/L and 126.53μg/L，respectively.Goiterrateofchildren was 0.9%.The coverage rate of iodized salt was 85.63%.The coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 72.52%.The median of salt iodine concentration was 24.8mg/kg. Conclusion　Shanghai is not an endemic area of iodine deficiency disorders，however， the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt is not satisfactory.The iodine nutrition among children is adequate，but the pregnant women are faced with insufficient iodine intake.

上海市自1996年4月开始全面供应加碘盐，根据原卫生部碘缺乏病病情监测工作要求，分别于1995年、1997年、1999年、2002年、2005年和2011年开展了6次碘缺乏病监测工作。2011年我国颁布了《食用盐碘含量标准》，上海市根据本地人群历年碘营养水平采用了30mg/kg±30%的碘盐浓度作为标准，并于2012年3月15日开始执行。为掌握新标准实施后本地孕妇和学龄儿童的碘营养状况，根据国家《2014年公共卫生服务地方病防治项目实施方案》（中疾控地病发〔2014〕5号）和《碘缺乏病监测方案》（中疾控地病发〔2012〕6号），上海市于2015年开展了第七次碘缺乏病病情监测。