人类的故事(英汉双语)
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10 腓尼基人

腓尼基人给了我们字母表

腓尼基人是犹太人的邻居,也是一支闪族部落,很早以前就居住在地中海沿岸。他们建了两座坚固的小城——提尔和西顿。很快,他们就赢得了西海岸贸易的垄断权。他们的船只定期发往希腊、意大利和西班牙,甚至穿过直布罗陀海峡到达锡利群岛,在那里购买锡。所到之处,他们都会设立小贸易点,并称之为殖民地。这些贸易点大多成了现代城市的发源地,比如加的斯和马赛。

只要能带来丰厚的利润,他们什么都敢买卖,不顾良心的谴责。如果我们相信所有邻居对他们的评价,那么他们简直是无耻之徒,根本不懂诚实和正直是什么意思。他们把金银满仓当作成功人士的最高理想。他们的确是非常可悲的人,没有一个朋友。但是,他们为子孙做出了最有价值的贡献——他们发明了字母表。

腓尼基人早就掌握了苏美尔人发明的书写方法。可是他们认为写这些楔形文字太笨拙、太费时。他们是讲求时效的商人,不可能花太多的时间去刻字母。他们发

and invented a new system of writing which was greatly superior to the old one. They borrowed a few pictures from the Egyptians and they simplified a number of the wedge-shaped figures of the Sumerians. They sacrificed the pretty looks of the older system for the advantage of speed and they reduced the thousands of different images to a short and handy alphabet of twenty-two letters.

In due course of time, this alphabet travelled across the Ægean Sea and entered Greece. The Greeks added a few letters of their own and carried the improved system to Italy. The Romans modified the figures somewhat and in turn taught them to the wild barbarians of western Europe. Those wild barbarians were our own ancestors, and that is the reason why this book is written in characters that are of PhOEnician origin and not in the hieroglyphics of the Egyptians or in the script of the Sumerians.

明了一种新的书写方法,比原来的进步许多。他们从埃及人那里借鉴了一些图形,又简化了苏美尔人的楔形符号。为了提高写字的速度,他们舍弃了原有系统漂亮的图案,把千万种不同的图形缩减为简单方便的22个字母。

随着时间的推移,字母表后来被传到爱琴海,进入希腊。希腊人加了自己的几个字母进去,接着又传到意大利。罗马人对这些符号稍加修改,又把它们教给西欧的野蛮人。这些野蛮人是我们的祖先,正因为如此,本书才会用腓尼基字母书写,而不是埃及的象形文字或苏美尔的楔形文字。