博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试卷八
Section Ⅰ Vocabulary
Directions:
There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1.In the bar,snacks are served,and the visitor can relax with a drink or a cup of coffee,while the______VIP Lounge offers more private and undisturbed seating for meetings and conversations.
A.dogged
B.secluded
C.rhythmic
D.noisy
2.Your blunt treatment of disputes would put other people in a negative frame of______,with the result that they would not be able to accept your proposal.
A.intention
B.idea
C.mind
D.wish
3.Before he accepts and attends daily or weekly meetings,he understands the______and goal of the meeting and how they mesh with his current intent.
A.occupation
B.career
C.mania
D.agenda
4.Sadly,while the academic industry thrives,the practice of translation continues to______.
A.stack
B.stage
C.stagnate
D.stamp
5.If you are an energetic person with strong views as to the right way of doing things,you find yourself______under pressures.
A.variably
B.invariably
C.invaluably
D.invalidly
6.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with______.
A.for long
B.in and out
C.once for all
D.by nature
7.Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in______and lack of unity in style.
A.conflict
B.confrontation
C.disturbance
D.disharmony
8.The timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list,and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once______.
A.thrived
B.swelled
C.prospered
D.flourished
9.However,growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to______some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
A.overturn
B.overtake
C.offset
D.oppress
10.Because of its intimacy,radio is usually more than just a medium；it is______.
A.firm
B.company
C.corporation
D.enterprise
11.All the key words in the article are printed in______type so as to attract readers' attention.
A.dark
B.dense
C.black
D.bold
12.I didn't______to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.
A.assume
B.suppose
C.mean
D.hope
13.Our son doesn't know what to______at the university；he can't make up his mind about his future.
A.take in
B.take up
C.take over
D.take after
14.The house was very quiet,______as it was on the side of a mountain.
A.isolated
B.isolating
C.being isolated
D.having been isolated
15.Although they plant trees in this area every year,the tops of some hills are still______.
A.blank
B.hollow
C.vacant
D.bare
16.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life,with a lot of travelling______heavy schedules.
A.with regard to
B.as to
C.in relation to
D.owing to
17.In Disneyland,every year,some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refused to______signs asking his“guests”not to step on them.
A.put down
B.put out
C.put up
D.put off
18.On New Year's Eve,New York City holds an outdoor______which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.
A.incident
B.event
C.case
D.affair
19.American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public through televised______from the United States.
A.transfer
B.deliveries
C.transportation
D.transmissions
20.He always did well at school______having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A.in spite of
B.regardless of
C.on account of
D.in case of
Section Ⅱ Cloze
Directions:
Read the following passage.For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag.Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 21 making mistakes.It is actually caused by 22 of your“body clock”—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 23 .The body clock is designed for a 24 rhythm of daylight and darkness,so that it is thrown out of balance when it 25 daylight and darkness at the“wrong”times in a new time zone.The 26 of jetlag often persist for days 27 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone.
Now a new anti-jetlag system is 28 that is based on proven 29 pioneering scientific research.Dr.Martin Mooreede had 30 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 31 controlled exposure to bright light.The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 32 of the discomfort of jetlag.
A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 33 or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse.The proper schedule 34 light exposure depends a great deal on 35 travel plans.
21.A.from B.of C.for D.to
22.A.eruption B.disruption C.rupture D.corruption
23.A.actions B.functions C.behavior D.reflection
24.A.formal B.continual C.regular D.circular
25.A.experiences B.possesses C.encounters D.retains
26.A.signs B.defects C.diseases D.symptoms
27.A.if B.whereas C.while D.although
28.A.agreeable B.available C.adaptable D.approachable
29.A.extensive B.tentative C.broad D.inclusive
30.A.devised B.scrutinized C.visualized D.recognized
31.A.in B.as C.at D.through
32.A.more B.little C.most D.least
33.A.shed B.retrieve C.seek D.attain
34.A.in B.for C.on D.with
35.A.specific B.complicated C.unique D.peculiar
Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choos￣ing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1
In bringing up children,every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition（学会） of each new skill—the first spoken words,the first independent steps,or the beginning of reading and writing.It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate,but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child.This might happen at any stage.A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early,a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads.On the other hand,though,if a child is left alone too much,or without any learning opportunities,he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children.Some may be especially strict in money matters.Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals.In general,the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child,consistency is very important in parental teaching.To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality（道德）.Also,parents should realize that“example is better than precept”.If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach （说教）,their children may grow confused,and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves,and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
36.Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills______.
A.should be avoided
B.is universal among parents
C.sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D.will make him lose interest in learning new things
37.In the process of children's learning new skills parents______.
A.should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B.should not expect too much of them
C.should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D.should create as many learning opportunities as possible
38.The second paragraph mainly tells us that______.
A.parents should be strict with their children
B.parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community
C.parental restrictions vary,and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone
D.parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation
39.The word“precept”(Line 4,Para.3) probably means“______”.
A.idea
B.punishment
C.behaviour
D.instruction
40.In moral matters,parents should______.
A.observe the rules themselves
B.be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C.forbid things which have no foundation in morality
D.consistently ensure the security of their children
2
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading.It is remarkable first for what it contains：the range of news from local crime to international politics,from sport to business to fashion to science,and the range of comment and special features （特写） as well,from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books,art,theatre and music.A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it：never completely,never straight through,but always by jumping from here to there,in and out,glancing at one piece,reading another article all the way through,reading just a few paragraphs of the next.A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers,but far more than any one reader is interested in.What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality （时事性）,its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now.But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient（短暂的） value.For all these reasons,no two people really read the same paper：what each person does is to put together out of the pages of that day's paper,his own selection and sequence,his own newspaper.For all these reasons,reading newspapers efficiently,which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time,demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
41.A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its______.
A.wide coverage
B.uniform style
C.speed in reporting news
D.popularity
42.According to the passage,the reason why no two people really read the“same”newspaper is that______.
A.people scan for the news they are interested in
B.different people prefer different newspapers
C.people are rarely interested in the same kind of news
D.people have different views about what a good newspaper is
43.It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers______.
A.apply reading techniques skillfully
B.jump from one newspaper to another
C.appreciate the variety of a newspaper
D.usually read a newspaper selectively
44.A good newspaper offers“a variety”to readers because______.
A.it tries to serve different readers
B.it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality
C.readers are difficult to please
D.readers like to read different newspapers
45.The best title for this passage would be“______”.
A.The Importance of Newspaper Topicality
B.The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
C.The Variety of a Good Newspaper
D.Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
3
American society is not nap （午睡） friendly.In fact,says David Dinges,a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.“There's even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.”Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work.To quote a proverb：“Some sleep five hours,nature requires seven,laziness nine and wickedness eleven.”
Wrong.The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them.“We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,”says Dr.William Dement of Stanford University,the godfather of sleep research.
Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an“American sleep debt”which one member said was as important as the national debt.The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness：people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving.This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House.According to recent reports,president Clinton is trying to take a half hour snooze （打瞌睡） every afternoon.
About 60 percent of American adults nap when given the opportunity.We seem to have“a midafternoon quiet phase”also called“a secondary sleep gate.”Sleeping 15 minutes to two hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed.Clearly,we were born to nap.
We Superstars of Snooze don't nap to replace lost shut eye or to prepare for a night shift.Rather,we“snack”on sleep,whenever,wherever and at whatever time we feel like it.I myself have napped in buses,cars,planes and on boats；on floors and beds；and in libraries,offices and museums.
46.It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is______.
A.unreasonable
B.criminal
C.harmful
D.costly
47.The research done by the Dement commission shows that Americans______.
A.don't like to take naps
B.are terribly worried about their national debt
C.sleep less than is good for them
D.have caused many industrial and traffic accidents
48.The purpose of this article is to______.
A.warn us of the wickedness of napping
B.explain the danger of sleepiness
C.discuss the side effects of napping
D.convince the reader of the necessity of napping
49.The“American sleep debt”(Line 1,Para.3) is the result of______.
A.the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleep
B.the new sleep policy of the Clinton Administration
C.the rapid development of American industry
D.the Americans' worry about the danger of sleepiness
50.The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is______.
A.preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shift
B.good practice to eat something light before we go to bed
C.essential to make up for lost sleep
D.natural to take a nap whenever we feel the need for it
4
Violin prodigies,I learned,have come in distinct waves from distinct regions.Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe.I asked Isaac Stern,one of the world's greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon.“It is very clear,”he told me.“They were all Jews（犹太人） and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world.They were not allowed into the professional fields,but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage.”As a result,every Jewish parent's dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies,I found,is a society that values excellence in a certain field to nurture （培育） talent.Nowadays,the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East.“In Japan,a most competitive society,with stronger discipline than ours.”says Isaac Stem,children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields,including music.When Western music came to Japan after World War Ⅱ,that music not only became part of their daily lives,but it became a discipline as well.The Koreans and Chinese as we know,are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That's a good thing,because even prodigies must work hard.Next to hard work,biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy.J.S.Bach,for example,was the top of several generations of musicians,and four of his sons had significant careers in music.
51.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because______.
A.it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B.Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C.they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D.it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
52.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that______.
A.enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence
B.treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C.encourage people to compete with each other
D.promise talented children high positions
53.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to______.
A.all-round development
B.the learning of Western music
C.strict training of children
D.variety in academic studies
54.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?
A.A natural gift.
B.Extensive knowledge of music.
C.Very early training.
D.A prejudice-free society.
55.Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A.Jewish Contribution to Music
B.Training of Musicians in the World
C.Music and Society
D.The Making of Prodigies
Section Ⅳ Translation
Directions:
In this section there is a passage in English.Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.56. This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
57. The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe.Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.
58. But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
59. The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America.These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them.Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.
“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.60. The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
Section Ⅴ Writing
Directions:
In the current job market,university graduates are having a hard time finding jobs while many employers are complaining about the shortage of work hands.Write an essay of no less than 200 words analyzing the phenomenon.Your essay should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.