Day 3 低频词
erosion [ɪˈrəʊʒn] n. 腐蚀,冲蚀,侵蚀
例句 Comprehensive control of soil erosion has brought noticeable achievements. 水土流失综合治理成效显著。
翻译 the long-term social threat posed by uncontrolled soil erosion(土壤侵蚀带来的长期社会威胁)
同义替换 corrosion
ethic [ˈeθɪk] n. ①道德规范,伦理 ②道德体系,行为准则
例句 It was time for a new ethic of personal responsibility in the business community.
企业界应该形成个人负责的新道德。
衍生 ethical adj. 伦理的,道德的;合乎道德的
翻译 Our professional ethic enjoins us to stay uncommitted.
(我们的职业道德要求我们要保持中立,报道事实真相。)
evaluate [ɪˈvæljueɪt] v. 评估,评价
拆分 e(出)+ val(worth,价值)+ uate(动词后缀)→价值出来→估价
衍生 evaluation n. 评估,评价
翻译 First, the company will evaluate your application form
(用人公司会评估你的申请表).
同义替换 value; judge; rate; assess; appraise
evidence [ˈevɪdəns] n. 根据,证据
拆分 e(出)+ vid(看)+ ence(名词后缀)→明显的证据
例句 And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less.
此外,尽管有证据证明教师们为维护网络教学要付出更多努力,学校支付给他们的工资却并不会更高,反而可能更少。
衍生 evident adj. 明显的,明白的 evidently adv. 明显地,显然
翻译 if you have any evidence to prove your innocence
(如果你有任何证据证明你无罪)
同义替换 proof; sign; clue
exceed [ɪkˈsiːd] v.①(在数量和质量等方面)胜过,超过 ②越过……的界限,凌驾于……之上
例句 Foreign students holding F visa can extend it for three months one time, but the total extension can not exceed one year. 留学生持F签证,一次只能延长3个月,累计不能超过一年。
衍生 exceeded adj. 过度的,非常的 exceeding adj. 超越的 exceedingly adv. 非常,过分地
翻译 It should not exceed three fifths of the original price.
(价钱不能超过原价的五分之三。)
同义替换 ①surpass; outdo; better; top; cap
expose [ɪkˈspəʊz] v. ①暴露,显露 ②曝光 ③揭露,袒露
拆分 ex(out)+ pose(放置)→摆放出来 →使暴露
例句 The reporter was killed because he tried to expose a plot. 这名记者因为试图揭露一个阴谋而被杀害。
衍生 exposure n. 暴露,显露;揭发,揭露
翻译 We can expose him at any time.(我们随时都可以揭发他。)
exposure [ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)] n. ①暴露,显露 ②揭发,揭露 ③曝光
拆分 expos(expose,暴露;揭露;曝光)+ ure(名词后缀)→显露;揭发;曝光
例句 His face is aglow from exposure to the sun.
他的脸晒得红通通的。
翻译 He didn’t admit but in fact the exposure of the plot against the president probably saved his life (揭发了反总统的阴谋可能救了他一命).
extensive [ɪkˈstensɪv] adj. ①广大的,广阔的 ②大量的
拆分 exten [extend,ex(外,出)+ tend(伸展)→面积扩大→广阔] + s + ive(形容词后缀)→广阔的,广泛的
例句 Had I not attended this workshop, I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel. 如果没有参加这个研讨会,我会自然认为男性是最佳人选,因为这个职位要求频繁出差。
衍生 extensively adv. 广阔地,广大地
翻译 called for more extensive efforts at preventing forest fires(要求做出更广泛的努力来防止森林火灾)
同义替换 ①wide; broad; ample; vast ②great; massive; large
fiction[ˈfɪkʃn] n. ①小说 ②虚构的事,假想之物
例句 She might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies.
她可能会满足一下看过很多科幻片的学生在她演讲之前的会面时产生的好奇心。
衍生 fictional adj. 虚构的;小说的
翻译 He turned definitely to fiction.(他毅然转向小说。)
同义替换 ①novel② imagination; invention
gradual [ˈɡrædʒuəl] adj. ①渐渐的,逐渐的,逐步的②平缓的,不陡的
例句 The impact of this sameness on our emotional energy is gradual, but huge. 这种相同性对我们心理能量的影响虽然很缓慢,却是巨大的。
衍生 gradually adv. 渐渐地
翻译 This will be a gradual learning process.
(这将是一个逐渐的学习过程。)
同义替换 ①slow; little by little
grand [ɡrænd] adj. ①壮丽的,宏伟的 ②显赫的,高傲的 ③非常愉快的,极好的
例句 Parents pay for wasteful grand parties, expensive cars and designer clothes.
父母为豪华的晚会、昂贵的汽车和名牌衣服买单。
翻译 The museum that we visit is very grand(我们参观的博物馆是非常雄伟的), which is built more than one hundred years ago.
同义替换 ①great; magnificent②noble③pleasant
guidance [ˈɡaɪdns] n. 指导,引导
拆分 guid(guide,指导)+ ance(名词后缀)→指导,引导
例句 This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly. 这样的引导使顾客不必再没完没了地绕着停车场找寻空位。
翻译 turned to historical documents for guidance and inspiration
(为了寻求指导与灵感,参考了许多历史文件)
同义替换 instruction; direction; lead; steering
guideline [ˈgaɪdlaɪn] n. 指导路线,指标,方针
拆分 guide(指导)+ line(直线,线条)→指导方针
例句 However, guidelines for preparing a resume are constantly changing. 然而,简历的格式总在变化。
翻译 our operation guideline(我们的经营方针)
guilty [ˈɡɪlti] adj. ①内疚的 ②有罪的
例句 The man was found guilty of armed robbery, and condemned to eight years’ imprisonment.
那人犯有持械抢劫罪,因而被判8年监禁。
翻译 felt guilty that he had not made an attempt to save her
(为未曾设法救她而感到内疚)
同义替换 ①sinful②criminal; culpable
hobby [ˈhɒbi] n. 业余爱好,嗜好
例句 A hobby often develops into a serious study of their habits. 爱好常常会发展成对习惯的严肃研究。
翻译 spent the odd dollars on his hobby
(剩下的则花在他的嗜好上了)
同义替换 interest; liking
horror [ˈhɒrə(r)] n. ①恐怖 ②憎恶 ③令人恐怖(或讨厌)的事物(或人)
例句 In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered,to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight.
1993年,一家大型酒店的老板和一些房屋的业主发现,令他们感到恐惧的是,他们的花园一夜之间消失了。
衍生 horrible adj. 恐怖的,骇人听闻的
翻译 to her horror(让她震惊的是)
同义替换 ①fright
hurricane [ˈhʌrɪkən] n.(西大西洋)飓风
例句 In the aftermath of the hurricane, many people’s homes were destroyed. 飓风的后果是许多人的房屋被毁。
翻译 despite the fact that the ship had passed through a virtual hurricane(尽管这条船经历了飓风的袭击)
imitation [ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃn] n. ①模仿 ②仿制品,赝品
拆分 imitat(imitate,模仿)+ ion(名词后缀)→仿真,模仿
例句 It’s not real leather; it’s only an imitation.
那不是真皮,只不过是仿制品。
翻译 It is better to fail in originality than to succeed in imitation.
(宁可在创新中失败也不要在模仿中成功。)
inevitable [ɪnˈevɪtəbl] adj. 不可避免的,必然发生的
拆分 in(表示否定)+ evitable(可避免的)→不可避免的,必然发生的
例句 They ran short of money during the tour, and their return is inevitable.
他们在旅途中用光了钱,因此返回是不可避免的。
衍生 inevitably adv. 不可避免地,必然地
翻译 is the inevitable consequence of his drunken driving
(是他酒后驾车的必然后果)
同义替换 unavoidable
infant [ˈɪnfənt] adj. 婴儿的,幼稚的,初期的 n. 婴儿,幼儿
例句 Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world.
乔姆斯基认为在公共和私人之间的所有语言差异之下,有一种通用语言机制,使我们有可能如婴儿般去学习世界上的任何语言。
翻译 is not adequate to the demands of the infant(不能满足婴儿的需要)
同义替换 n. baby
influential [ˌɪnfluˈenʃl] adj. 有影响的,有支配力的
拆分 in(进入)+ flu(流动)+ en + tial(形容词后缀)→流入→有影响的→有势力的
衍生 influence n. 影响,影响力;产生影响的(事或物);势力,权势
翻译 American movies are still the most influential in the world.(美国电影仍然是全球最有影响力的。)
同义替换 mighty; predominant
install [ɪnˈstɔːl] v. ①安装,设置,安置 ②使就职,任命
拆分 in(进)+ stall( place,放)→放进去→安装
例句 Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.
多亏了最新立法,至少配备了一名护理人员的航班开始安装紧急医疗用品来治疗心脏病。
衍生 installation n. 装置,设备;安装,设置;就任
翻译 It has been rather costly to install the machinery.
(安装这些机器要花的钱相当多。)
同义替换 ②appoint; assign
institution [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn] n. ①机构 ②惯例,习俗,风俗习惯,制度
拆分 in(进入)+ stitut(stitue,建立)+ ion(名词后缀)→建立→制度
例句 For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats,merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. 对于一些只是为了填满席位而斗争的地区学院来说,奖学金会是一项很重要的收入来源,因为有很多受教育者仍然会付足够的超过奖学金量的学费,以保证学院运转良好。
翻译 the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States(美国历史最悠久的高等学府)
同义替换 ①institute; association ②tradition; convention
intelligent [ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt] adj. 聪明的,有才智的
拆分 intel(在……中)+ lig(挑选)+ ent(形容词后缀)→挑选出的(人)→智商高的
例句 Furthermore, naughty kids are mostly energetic and intelligent.
再说,顽皮的孩子多半都充满活力,而且很聪明。
衍生 intelligence n. 智力,智慧,理解力;情报,消息
翻译 They are not intelligent enough to understand this question.(他们不够聪明,理解不了这个问题。)
同义替换 wise; smart; bright
interpret [ɪnˈtɜːprɪt] v. ①口译,传译 ②解释,说明③理解,了解 ④演绎(按自己的感觉演奏音乐或表现角色)
拆分 inter(between)+ pret(传播)→在两者之间进行沟通→翻译,解释
例句 He must use the sounds of speech to reveal the words spoken, understand the pattern of organization of the words(sentences), and finally interpret the meaning.他一定是用语音来辨别语音,理解单词的组织形式,最后理解含义。
衍生 interpretation n. 口译;解释,说明 interpreter n.口译工作者,口译译员
翻译 try to interpret them into English
(试着直接口译成英语)
同义替换 ① translate ② account; explain ③ comprehend
invest [ɪnˈvest] v. ①投资 ②投入 ③授予,赋予
例句 The Chairman is taking money out of the company to feather his own nest, rather than invest it to help the business grow. 这位董事长把公司的钱拿来营私肥己,而不是用于投资以扩大业务。
衍生 investment n. 投资;(时间、精力等的)投入
翻译 I was about to invest money in the company.
(我本来要把钱投资到那个公司的。)
同义替换 ① fund
isolate [ˈaɪsəleɪt] v. 使隔离,使孤立
拆分 iso(岛)+ l + ate(动词后缀)→孤岛→孤立
例句 Other studies show that non-readers tend to isolate themselves from the community and less likely to own a home and seldom belong to local voluntary organizations. 其他的研究显示,非阅读者往往脱离群体而且自己不太可能拥有一个家,也很少参加当地的志愿者组织。
衍生 isolated adj. 隔离的,孤立的
翻译 No nation can isolate itself with these problems.
(没有哪个国家能脱离这些问题。)
同义替换 segregate; seclude
journey [ˈdʒɜːni] n. 旅行,行程 v. 旅行
例句 Most products that arrived by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. 绝大多数用铁路以及飞机运输的货物在最后一段路程还是靠机动车辆走州际公路来运输。
翻译 after such a long thirsty journey
(经过使人口干舌燥的长途旅行后)
同义替换 n. trip; travel v. travel
lane [leɪn] n. ①(乡间)小路,小巷 ②车道,跑道,泳道 ③航道,航线
例句 Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. 为安全着想,公路上建有宽阔的车道和路肩,中间有分车带或车道屏障、长距离的进入和出口车道、安全转向弯道以及限制道路。
翻译 I ran into the nearest lane.(我跑进最近的小巷。)
同义替换 ①road; path; alley; way②driveway ③vector
legislation [ˌledʒɪsˈleɪʃn] n. 立法,法律
拆分 legis(法律)+ lat(late,放)+ ion(名词后缀)→立法
衍生 legislative adj. 有立法权的
翻译 You can refer to the legislation governing minimum wage.(你可以参照规定最低工资的法律。)
同义替换 lawmaking; law
loan [ləʊn] n. 贷款 v. 借出,贷与(尤指钱)
例句 This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families.
今年,该校宣布将取消贫困生的资助项目,并将这些资助提供给中等收入家庭。
翻译 is measured by how much they can loan
(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的)
mechanical [məˈkænɪkl] adj. ①机械操纵的 ②机械方面的 ③不加思考的
拆分 mechanic(技工)+ al(形容词后缀)→机械的
例句 His mechanical calculating engines were the antecedents of the modern computer.
他的机械计算机是现代电子计算机的雏形。
衍生 mechanism n. 机械装置;体制 mechanic n. 技工;力学
翻译 A high-quality mechanical watch will last long.
(一块高质量的机械表可以用许多年。)
necessarily [ˌnesəˈserəli] adv. 不可避免地,必然地
拆分 necessar(necessary,必要的)+ ily(副词后缀)→必要地
例句 You won’t necessarily want your resume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job. 一旦自己找到了工作,就不必再将简历发布在网络上。
翻译 The winner in a race is not necessarily the one who runs the fastest.(胜利者不一定是跑得最快的人。)
同义替换 inevitably; consequentially
neutral [ˈnjuːtrəl] adj. ①中立的,不偏不倚的 ②素净的,不鲜艳的
拆分 neutr(两者都不)+ al→两者都不介入→中立的,中性的
例句 To be neutral in this conflict is out of the question.
在这场冲突中保持中立,是不可能的。
衍生 neutralization n. 中立 neutrality n. 中立 neutralize v.使失效,中和
翻译 Switzerland is a neutral country for it is not involved in wars.(瑞士是一个中立国家,从不卷入战争。)
同义替换 ①impartial; even-handed ②dim
novel [ˈnɒvl] adj. 新奇的,新颖的,新的 n.(长篇)小说
例句 They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. 他们磨炼技能,也许某一天,一部广受好评的小说、一条不可或缺的法规、一封无可挑剔的情书就出自他们之手。
衍生 novelist n. 小说家
翻译 There are a great many criticisms on this novel.
(对于这部小说有很多批评。)
同义替换 adj. new; fresh; unique n. fiction
obey [əˈbeɪ] v. ①服从,听从 ②遵守,遵循
例句 What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey? 这些规定中的哪些是一个青少年应该遵守的?
衍生 obedient adj. 顺从的,忠顺的 obedience n. 服从,顺从,听话
翻译 instead of just telling them to obey
(而不是只要他们服从)
同义替换 v. ①comply ②follow
obtain [əbˈteɪn] v. 获得,赢得
拆分 ob(表强调)+ tain(拿住)→拿到→获得
例句 Universities are the place of the scientific discoveries,and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage.
大学是科学发现的前沿,也是培养优秀人才以获取并保持竞争优势的主要手段。
衍生 obtainable adj. 能得到的,可获得的
翻译 We are advertising to obtain more potential users.
(我们做广告以争取更多的潜在用户。)
同义替换 get; acquire; earn; score
opening [ˈəʊpnɪŋ] adj. 首次的,开始的 n. ①开幕,开张 ②开始,开端 ③洞,缺口 ④空缺,缺额
拆分 open(打开)+ ing→开端;洞;空缺;开始的
例句 But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. 但同时,对商品、服务、信息,尤其是对人开放国界使大学成为增进世界融合、相互理解和地理政治稳定的强有力工具。
翻译 after the chairman delivered his opening speech
(主席致开幕词后)
同义替换 adj. first; preliminary n. ②beginning ③hole ④vacancy
oppose [əˈpəʊz] v. 反对
例句 We oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics.China will never seek hegemony and never go in for expansion. 我们反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治。中国永远不称霸,永远不搞扩张。
衍生 opposite prep.(表示位置)在……的对面;在旁边,接着;与……在一排 adj. 对面的
翻译 but I did not oppose it either(但我也没有反对)
同义替换 object; sit down on
outstanding [autˈstændɪŋ] adj. ①突出的,杰出的,优秀的 ②(款项、工作、困难等)未偿付的,未解决的,未完成的 ③明显的,重要的
拆分 out(向外)+ stand(站)+ ing→站出来的→突出的
例句 Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious(有营养的)foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker…
想象有这样一个人,体重恰好,偏不吃较有营养的食物;感觉良好,但鲜有机会锻炼;每天上班,但业绩一般……
翻译 was a quite outstanding student(是个相当杰出的学生)
同义替换 ①prominent; brilliant; excellent; splendid